State Management in ASP.Net

State Management in ASP.Net

Web Pages developed in ASP.Net are HTTP based and HTTP protocol is a stateless protocol. It means that web server does not have any idea about the requests from where they coming i.e from same client or new clients. On each request web pages are created and destroyed.

So, how do we make web pages in ASP.Net which will remember about the user, would be able to distinguish b/w old clients(requests) and new clients(requests) and users previous filled information while navigating to other web pages in web site?

Solution of the above problem lies in State Management.

ASP.Net technology offers following state management techniques.

Client side State Management

• Cookies
• Hidden Fields
• View State
• Query String

Server side State Management

• Session State
• Application State

These state management techniques can be understood and by following simple examples and illustrations of the each techniques.

Client Side State Management

Cookies

A cookie is a small amount of data which is either stored at client side in text file or in memory of the client browser session. Cookies are always sent with the request to the web server and information can be retrieved from the cookies at the web server. In ASP.Net, HttpRequest object contains cookies collection which is nothing but list of HttpCookie objects. Cookies are generally used for tracking the user/request in ASP.Net for example, ASP.Net internally uses cookie to store session identifier to know whether request is coming from same client or not. We can also store some information like user identifier (UserName/Nick Name etc) in the cookies and retrieve them when any request is made to the web server as described in following example. It should be noted that cookies are generally used for storing only small amount of data(i.e 1-10 KB).

Code Sample

//Storing value in cookie 
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("NickName");
cookie.Value = "Balaji";
Request.Cookies.Add(cookie);
//Retrieving value in cookie 
if (Request.Cookies.Count > 0 && Request.Cookies["NickName"] != null)
         lblNickName.Text = "Welcome" + Request.Cookies["NickName"].ToString();
else
         lblNickName.Text = "Welcome Guest";

 Cookies can be permanent in nature or temporary. ASP.Net internally stores temporary cookie at the client side for storing session identifier. By default cookies are temporary and permanent cookie can be placed by setting "Expires" property of the cookie object.

Hidden Fields

A Hidden control is the control which does not render anything on the web page at client browser but can be used to store some information on the web page which can be used on the page.

HTML input control offers hidden type of control by specifying type as "hidden". Hidden control behaves like a normal control except that it is not rendered on the page. Its properties can be specified in a similar manner as you specify properties for other controls. This control will be posted to server in HttpControl collection whenever web form/page is posted to server. Any page specific information can be stored in the hidden field by specifying value property of the control.

ASP.Net provides HtmlInputControl that offers hidden field functionality.

Code Sample

//Declaring a hidden variable 
protected HtmlInputHidden hidNickName;
//Populating hidden variable
hidNickName.Value = "Page No 1";
//Retrieving value stored in hidden field.
string str = hidNickName.Value;

Note:Critical information should not be stored in hidden fields.

View State/Control State

ASP.Net technology provides View State/Control State feature to the web forms. View State is used to remember controls state when page is posted back to server. ASP.Net stores view state on client site in hidden field __ViewState in encrypted form. When page is created on web sever this hidden control is populate with state of the controls and when page is posted back to server this information is retrieved and assigned to controls. You can look at this field by looking at the source of the page (i.e by right clicking on page and selecting view source option.)

You do not need to worry about this as this is automatically handled by ASP.Net. You can enable and disable view state behaviour of page and its control by specifying 'enableViewState' property to true and false. You can also store custom information in the view state as described in following code sample. This information can be used in round trips to the web server.

Code Sample

//To Save Information in View State 
ViewState.Add ("NickName", "Balaji");
//Retrieving View state
String strNickName = ViewState ["NickName"];

Query String

Query string is the limited way to pass information to the web server while navigating from one page to another page. This information is passed in url of the request.  Following is an example of retrieving information from the query strings.

Code Sample

//Retrieving values from query string 
String nickname;
//Retrieving from query string
nickName = Request.Param["NickName"].ToString();

But remember that many browsers impose a limit of 255 characters in query strings. You need to use HTTP-Get method to post a page to server otherwise query string values will not be available.

Server Side State Management

Session State

Session state is used to store and retrieve information about the user as user navigates from one page to another page in ASP.Net web application. Session state is maintained per user basis in ASPNet runtime. It can be of two types in-memory and out of memory. In most of the cases small web applications in-memory session state is used. Out of process session state management technique is used for the high traffic web applications or large applications. It can be configured  with some configuration settings in web.conig file to store state information in ASPNetState.exe (windows service exposed in .Net or on SQL server.

In-memory Session state can be used in following manner

Code Sample

//Storing informaton in session state 
Session["NickName"] = "Ambuj";
//Retrieving information from session state
string str = Session["NickName"];

Session state is being maintained automatically by ASP.Net. A new session is started when a new user sents  first request to the server. At that time session state is created and user can use it to store information and retrieve it while navigating to different web pages in ASP.Net web application.

ASP.Net maintains session information using the session identifier which is being transacted b/w user machine and web server on each and every request either using cookies or querystring (if cookieless session is used in web application).

Application State

Application State is used to store information which is shared among users of the ASP.Net web application. Application state is stored in the memory of the windows process which is processing user requests on the web server. Application state is useful in storing small amount of often-used data. If application state is used for such data instead of frequent trips to database, then it increases the response time/performance of the web application.

In ASP.Net, application state is an instance of HttpApplicationState class and it exposes key-value pairs to store information. Its instance is automatically created when a first request is made to web application by any user and same state object is being shared across all subsequent users.

Application state can be used in similar manner as session state but it should be noted that many user might be accessing application state simultaneously so any call to application state object needs to be thread safe. This can be easily achieved in ASP.Net by using lock keyword on the statements which are accessing application state object. This lock keyword places a mutually exclusive lock on the statements and only allows a single thread to access the application state at a time. Following is an example of using application state in an application.

Code Sample

//Stroing information in application state
lock (this)
{
       Application["NickName"] = "Balaji";
} 
//Retrieving value from application state
lock (this)
{
      string str = Application["NickName"].ToString();
}

So, In the above illustrations, we understood the practical concepts of using different state management techniques in ASP.Net techonology.

Difference between Stored Procedure and Functions

Stored Procedure:

1) have to use EXEC or EXECUTE
2) return output parameter
3) can create table but won’t return Table Variables
4) you can not join SP
5) can be used to change server configuration
6) can be used with XML FOR Clause
7) can have transaction within SP

Functions:

1) can be used with Select statement
2) Not returning output parameter but returns Table variables
3) You can join UDF
4) Cannot be used to change server configuration
5) Cannot be used with XML FOR clause
6) Cannot have transaction within function

How to Import Excel to Gridview:

How to Import Excel to Gridview:

In this article describes how to read data from an Excel Sheet and display them in a GridView.

step by step process to read data from Excel and display them in a GridView.  

First Step:

Create New Web site with new webpage named as Default.aspx (Following is the code contained in the Default.aspx page).

First Step:

Create New Web site with new webpage named as Default.aspx (Following is the code contained in the Default.aspx page).

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >

<head runat="server">

    <title>Untitled Page</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <div>

        <asp:Button ID="btImport" runat="server" OnClick="btImport_Click" Text="Import" />&nbsp;

        <asp:Button ID="btExport" runat="server" OnClick="btExport_Click" Text="Export" />&nbsp;

        <asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1" runat="server" />

        <br />

        <br />

        <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" BackColor="White" BorderColor="#E7E7FF"

            BorderStyle="None" BorderWidth="1px" CellPadding="3" GridLines="Horizontal">

            <FooterStyle BackColor="#B5C7DE" ForeColor="#4A3C8C" />

            <RowStyle BackColor="#E7E7FF" ForeColor="#4A3C8C" />

            <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#738A9C" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#F7F7F7" />

            <PagerStyle BackColor="#E7E7FF" ForeColor="#4A3C8C" HorizontalAlign="Right" />

            <HeaderStyle BackColor="#4A3C8C" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#F7F7F7" />

            <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="#F7F7F7" />

        </asp:GridView>

        <br />

   

    </div>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Second Step :

 This  C# code of the Default.aspx.cs file:

using System;

using System.Configuration;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.OleDb;

using System.IO;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Security;

using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;

using System.Xml.Linq;

public partial class Default: System.Web.UI.Page

{

    OleDbConnection oleconn;

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

    }

    protected void btnUpload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        {

            string tempFileName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + "_" + FileUpload1.FileName;

            string saveLocation = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FileUploadLocation"]);

            string SavePath = Path.Combine(saveLocation, tempFileName);

            try

            {

                FileUpload1.SaveAs(SavePath);

                string connectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=" + SavePath + "; Extended Properties=\"Excel 8.0;HDR=YES;\"";

                OleDbConnection oleconn = new OleDbConnection(connectionString);

                string strQuery = "SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]";

                DataTable dt = new DataTable();

                OleDbCommand ocmd = new OleDbCommand(strQuery, oleconn);

                //  OleDbCommand ocmd = new OleDbCommand(strQuery, oleconn);

                oleconn.Open();

                OleDbDataReader odr = ocmd.ExecuteReader();

                if (odr.HasRows)

                {

                    dt.Load(odr);

                    GridView1.DataSource = dt;

                    GridView1.DataBind();

                }

                oleconn.Close();

                //  DeleteFile(SavePath);

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                lblerror.Text = "error : " + ex.Message;

            }

        }

    }

}

How to Create sitemap of a website

<%@ Page Language="VB" Debug="true" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.IO" %>
<script runat="server">
Sub Page_Load(Source as Object, E as EventArgs)

getDir(Server.MapPath("."))
end sub

Sub getDir(strDir)

Dim subdirectoryEntries As String() = Directory.GetDirectories(strDir)

If Directory.Exists(strDir) Then
Try

Dim subdirectory As String
For Each subdirectory In subdirectoryEntries
rstText.Text += subdirectory & "<br>"
listFiles(subdirectory)
getDir(subdirectory)
Next subdirectory
Catch ex As Exception
strMsg.Text = "Error : " & ex.toString()
End Try
end if
end sub
Sub listFiles(strDir)
try

Dim fileEntries As String() = Directory.GetFiles(strDir)

Dim fileName As String
For Each fileName In fileEntries
rstFiles.text += fileName & "<br>"

Next fileName
Catch ex As Exception
strMsg.Text = "Error : " & ex.toString()
End Try

end sub
</script>
<html><head><title>Site Map</title></head><body>

<asp:label id="rstText" runat="server" Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="12px"/>
<p>
<asp:label id="rstFiles" runat="server" Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="12px"/>
<p>
<asp:label id="strMsg" runat="server" Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="12px"/>

</body></html>

Error Loging in ASP.NET

Error Loging in ASP.NET

Run this code to create table :

if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[errorLog]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [dbo].[errorLog]
GO

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[errorLog] (
 [errID] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
 [errorPage] [nvarchar] (150) ,
 [errorDate] [datetime] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

Now we will create our stored procedure :

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.insertLog
@page NVARCHAR(150)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT ErrorLog
( errorPage, errorDate )
VALUES
( @page, GETDATE() )
END
GO

Now if doed not exist web.config file create one or modify it  with those codes :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
   
  <system.web>
    <compilation defaultLanguage="VB" debug="true" />

    <customErrors mode="On" defaultRedirect="error.aspx" />
 </system.web>
  <appSettings>
 <add key="strCon" value="server=localhost;User id=sa;password=;database=dotnet" />
  </appSettings>
</configuration>


Ok. Our hard work finished after modifying our database connection. Double check that you have run sql scripts correctly without any error. You may use SQL Query Analyzer. Do not miss to check SQL connection. After editing and upload this script to your site.

<%@ Page Language="VB" Debug="true" %>
<%@ import namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@ import namespace="System.Data.SQLClient" %>
<%@ import namespace="System.Diagnostics" %>

<script language="VB" runat="server">
Sub Page_Load(Source as Object, E as EventArgs)

 Dim objCon As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings("strCon"))
 Dim objCmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("insertLog", objCon)
 objCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
 Dim strParm As SqlParameter = objCmd.Parameters.Add("@Page", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 150)
 strParm.Value = trim(request.querystring("aspxerrorpath"))
 objCon.Open()
 objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
 objCon.Close()
                       
end sub
</script>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>


<h2>Sorry, A error has occurred in this page.</h2>
</body>
</html>